Q1.
Which of the following is the primary advantage of an active fixation lead compared to a passive fixation lead?
A. Less risk of myocardial perforation
B. Easier extraction during lead revision
C. Better battery longevity
D. Reduces risk of infection
Q2.
What is the primary purpose of a steroid-eluting tip in pacing leads?
A. Prevent lead dislodgement
B. Reduce local inflammation at the electrode-tissue interface
C. Enhance battery efficiency
D. Improve sensing thresholds
Q3.
When selecting a generator for a patient with intermittent AV block and intact sinus function, the most appropriate mode is:
A. VVI
B. DDDR
C. VVIR
D. AAIR
Q4.
In which scenario is a bipolar lead system preferred over a unipolar system?
A. When sensing atrial fibrillation
B. When minimizing far-field sensing and myopotentials
C. When implanting in the coronary sinus
D. When minimizing battery drain
Q5.
Which lead type is most appropriate for pacing the left ventricle in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)?
A. Endocardial RV lead
B. Epicardial LV lead via thoracotomy
C. Transvenous lead via the coronary sinus
D. Bipolar atrial lead
Q1: Correct Answer: B
🧠 Explanation: Active fixation leads use a screw-in mechanism, making them easier to extract during revision or upgrade procedures. Passive leads rely on tines and often lead to fibrous overgrowth, making removal more difficult.
Q2: Correct Answer: B
🧠 Explanation: Steroid-eluting tips minimize inflammation where the lead contacts myocardium, stabilizing pacing thresholds and improving long-term lead performance.
Q3: Correct Answer: DDDR
🧠 Explanation: DDDR allows dual-chamber pacing with rate responsiveness, suitable for intermittent AV block while preserving AV synchrony when needed.
Q4: Correct Answer: B
🧠 Explanation: Bipolar leads are better at local sensing and reduce oversensing of far-field signals like myopotentials or skeletal muscle noise, which is critical in high-sensitivity applications.
Q5: Correct Answer: C
🧠 Explanation: For CRT, the LV lead is typically placed transvenously through the coronary sinus to pace the lateral or posterolateral wall, avoiding open surgery.
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